Iron supplements are used to prevent and treat iron deficiency anemia by providing the body with elemental iron needed for hemoglobin production, which carries oxygen in red blood cells. Common oral forms include ferrous sulfate, ferrous gluconate, and ferrous fumarate, which are absorbed in the gut and help stimulate red blood cell production. Iron supplements are especially important for individuals with increased iron needs, such as pregnant women, infants, and those with certain medical conditions or dietary restrictions. While effective, oral iron supplements can cause gastrointestinal side effects like constipation and bloating. Proper dosing and sometimes combining with vitamin C can enhance absorption. However, excessive iron intake can be toxic and should be monitored carefully

Omega-3 fatty acids offer numerous health benefits, particularly for heart, brain, and joint health. They help reduce chronic inflammation, which is linked to heart disease, cancer, and autoimmune conditions. Omega-3s lower blood pressure, reduce triglyceride levels, and decrease the risk of heart attacks and strokes by improving blood vessel function and preventing abnormal heart rhythms. They also support brain health by maintaining neural cell membranes, potentially slowing cognitive decline and reducing the risk of Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, omega-3s can alleviate symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis by reducing joint inflammation and may improve blood sugar control in diabetes. Their anti-inflammatory properties also help reduce asthma and migraine symptoms. Since the body cannot produce omega-3s, they must be obtained through diet or supplements, with fatty fish being a rich source

Probiotics are live beneficial microorganisms, mainly bacteria like Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, that promote a healthy balance of gut microbiota and improve digestive health. They help prevent harmful pathogens from colonizing the gut by competing for nutrients and binding sites, while also enhancing the intestinal barrier and modulating the immune system. Probiotics aid in nutrient absorption, reduce inflammation, and may alleviate conditions such as diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, and lactose intolerance. They also produce substances like short-chain fatty acids that support gut health and overall well-being. Probiotics can be consumed through fermented foods or supplements and are increasingly used in food industries due to their health benefits

Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is an essential nutrient vital for red blood cell formation, DNA synthesis, and proper nerve function. It supports brain health, helps prevent anemia, and plays a role in energy production. Found naturally in animal products like meat, fish, and dairy, B12 deficiency can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, numbness, and cognitive difficulties. Adequate B12 intake is crucial for maintaining neurological health and preventing serious complications like megaloblastic anemia and nerve damage